First Aid Techniques Everyone Should Know

SAFAKNA TURKEY – After the recent earthquake, which affected millions of people, the fact that medical teams could not provide immediate assistance to everyone at the same time again showed the importance of first aid information. Nurkan Esin, who stated that first aid is vital, especially in situations such as cardiac arrest, inability to breathe and bleeding, and that everyone should have enough information to intervene at any time, gave information on this issue.

FIRST ANSWER FROM PEOPLE

Instructor Nurkan Esin said: “The first to react are usually the people next to us,” and that this issue is sensitive both for ourselves and for our loved ones. Damage to the heart and brain, especially brain cells due to lack of oxygen, begins in the first 4 minutes. After 6 minutes, this damage continues to increase and becomes irreversible after 10 minutes. Therefore, until an ambulance or professional teams arrive, the people who can help you should be people next to you. “After a quick assessment of whether he is breathing or not, we can start CPR on the patient who is not breathing.” First of all, the patient’s consciousness should be checked. When we give a painful warning to a patient who does not answer when we call or touch, if there is no answer, we must call 112 immediately or, if there is someone else to call, we must give direct instructions and activate the 112 emergency system. . If we know how to check the patient/injured carotid pulse, we should immediately start cardiac massage on the patient who has no pulse by looking at the pulse. If we do not know how to check the pulse of an unconscious patient/injured who did not respond to us, or if we did not know how to check the pulse but could not be sure and the airway is not blocked, we can start a cardiac massage on the patient who not breathing, after a quick assessment of whether he is breathing or not.

WHAT SHOULD HEART MASSAGE BE?

Esin said that the earlier CPR is started, the lower the mortality and disability rate will be, and continued her briefing on how to perform CPR: “It is very important to start CPR quickly and early. Early heart massage prevents blood circulation and oxygen starvation of the brain until the ambulance arrives. This reduces damage to brain cells, minimizing mortality and disability. We put our palms on the middle of the chest and clasp our hands on top of each other. We press on the heart directly on the middle bone of the chest, without moving and with straight arms, at an angle of 90 degrees.

CONTINUOUS CPR AND EXTENSION FOR 2 MINUTES MUST CONTINUE!

Esin, who advised us to give the patient a head-down position with a raised chin to allow the patient to breathe comfortably after 30 CPR, we take two breaths: “We take a deep breath and breathe through the mouth of the patient whose nose is covered with hands, and again start CPR without interruption. We continue this cycle for 2 minutes without a break, 100-120 clicks per minute. After 2 minutes, check the heart and breathing. If the patient still has no heartbeat or breathing, we continue the practice until the ambulance arrives.

CLOSED MOUTH MUST NOT BE OPEN, HEAD BACK Chin-up should be applied to prevent backward movement of the tongue.

Esin warned that it is wrong to think about the possibility of opening a closed mouth in patients who are usually unconscious and choking from the throat, and that instead, the “head thrown back, chin up” position is sufficient. For some reason, it seems to everyone that the tongue is running back, so they immediately try to pull the tongue up and out. For this reason, they try to pull out the tongue by putting their hand into the patient’s mouth. Such behavior can cause harm to the patient, lead to injuries, bleeding and fractures of the teeth. If there is something visible in the patient’s/injured’s mouth, we can remove it without forcing it with our hands. When you throw your head back and lift your chin up, which is as important as a heart massage, this will not obstruct the passage of the airway, as the root of the tongue will still rise up.

IF HR AND RESPIRATION ARE OBSERVED, YOU SHOULD WAIT FOR THE ARRIVAL OF THE AMBULANCE IN THE POSITION OF COMA. SO HOW IS COMA POSITION DELIVERED?

Yesin said that after providing first aid and a heart massage, the patient’s heartbeat and breathing are restored, the patient should be transferred to a coma and wait for an ambulance in this form, and reminded that nothing should be put on the patient. the head that will cause the height. Esin said: “Putting something high (such as a pillow) under the patient’s head is incorrect in terms of breathing in patients who are not breathing or who have recovered their heart and breathing after the intervention. Instead, patients with “circulation and respiration” need to wait for an ambulance in what we call the “coma-recovery position” and frequently check the patient’s/injured’s breathing. When bringing the patient / victim into a coma, which has no fractures, dislocations or sprains anywhere, the patient’s arm should be extended upwards, and the other hand should be placed under the chin. Again, we must bend the leg on the side of the hand that we have placed under the chin and turn the sick/injured side to the side where we extend the arm upwards, supporting it by the shoulder and hip bone. This position will prevent saliva from entering the airways and lungs if the patient vomits.

“IN THE EVENT OF BLEEDING WE SHOULD NOT REMOVE THE PRESSURE”

Finally, Yesin, who also gave information about stopping bleeding, concluded her words as follows: “In cases of bleeding, after applying pressure to the bleeding, pressing material is removed and the wound is examined, asking if the bleeding continues or not. has stopped. However, if the printed material is covered with blood due to excessive bleeding, it is necessary to continue printing after adding a second clean cloth to it, without interrupting the printing and without pulling the bloody material away from the skin. At this pressure, emergency care should be sought by holding the bleeding limb above the level of the heart.”